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Eight radical ways to cut data center power costs II

Radical energy savings method 2: Power down servers that aren’t in use
Virtualization has revealed the energy saving advantages of spinning down unused processors, disks, and memory. So why not power off entire servers? Is the increased “business agility” of keeping servers ever ready worth the cost of the excess power they consume? If you can find instances where servers can be powered down, you can achieve the lowest power usage of all — zero — at least for those servers. But you’ll have to counter the objections of naysayers first.

 

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For one, it’s commonly believed that power cycling lowers the servers’ life expectancy, due to stress placed on non-field-swappable components such as motherboard capacitors. That turns out to be a myth: In reality, servers are constructed from the same components used in devices that routinely go through frequent power cyclings, such as automobiles and medical equipment. No evidence points to any decreased MTBF (mean time between failure) as a result of the kinds of power cycling servers would endure.

A second objection is that servers take too long to power up. However, you can often accelerate server startup by turning off unnecessary boot-time diagnostic checks, booting from already-operational snapshot images, and exploiting warm-start features available in some hardware.

A third complaint: Users won’t wait if we have to power up a server to accommodate increased load, no matter how fast the things boot. However, most application architectures don’t say no to new users so much as simply process requests more slowly, so users aren’t aware that they’re waiting for servers to spin up. Where applications do hit hard headcount limits, users have shown they’re willing to hang in there as long as they’re kept informed by a simple “we’re starting up more servers to speed your request” message.

Radical energy savings method 3: Use “free” outside-air cooling.
Higher data center temperatures help you more readily exploit the second power-saving technique, so-called free-air cooling that uses lower outside air temperatures as a cool-air source, bypassing expensive chillers, as Microsoft does in Ireland. If you’re trying to maintain 80 degrees Fahrenheit and the outside air hits 70, you can get all the cooling you need by blowing that air into your data center.

The effort required to implement this is a bit more laborious than in method 1’s expedient cranking up of the thermostat: You must reroute ducts to bring in outside air and install rudimentary safety measures — such as air filters, moisture traps, fire dampers, and temperature sensors — to ensure the great outdoors don’t damage sensitive electronic gear.

In a controlled experiment, Intel realized a 74 percent reduction in power consumption using free-air cooling. Two trailers packed with servers, one cooled using traditional chillers and the other using a combination of chillers and outside air with large-particle filtering, were run for 10 months. The free-air trailer was able to use air cooling exclusively 91 percent of the time. Intel also discovered a significant layer of dust inside the free-air-cooled server, reinforcing the need for effective fine-particle filtration. You’ll likely have to change filters frequently, so factor in the cost of cleanable, reusable filters.

Despite significant dust and wide changes in humidity, Intel found no increase in failure rate for the free-air cooled trailer. Extrapolated to a data center consuming 10 megawatts, this translates to nearly $3 million in annual cooling cost savings, along with 76 million fewer gallons of water, which is itself an expensive commodity in some regions.

Radical energy savings method 4: Use data center heat to warm office spaces
You can double your energy savings by using data center BTUs to heat office spaces, which is the same thing as saying you’ll use relatively cool office air to chill down the data center. In cold climes, you could conceivably get all the heat you need to keep people warm and manage any additional cooling requirements with pure outside air.

Unlike free-air cooling, you may never need your existing heating system again; by definition, when it’s warm out you won’t require a people-space furnace. And forget worries of chemical contamination from fumes emanating from server room electronics. Modern Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)-compliant servers have eliminated environmentally unfriendly contaminants — such as cadmium, lead, mercury, and polybromides — from their construction.

As with free-air cooling, the only tech you need to pull this off is good old HVAC know-how: fans, ducts, and thermostats. You’ll likely find that your data center puts out more than enough therms to replace traditional heating systems. IBM’s data center in Uitikon, Switzerland, was able to heat the town pool for free, saving energy equal to that for heating 80 homes. TelecityGroup Paris even uses server waste heat to warm year-around greenhouses for climate change research.

Reconfiguring your furnace system may entail more than a weekend project, but the costs are likely low enough that you can reap savings in a year or less.

8 radical ways to cut data center power costs Par I

Today’s data center managers are struggling to juggle the business demands of a more competitive marketplace with budget limitations imposed by a soft economy. They seek ways to reduce opex (operating expenses), and one of the fastest growing — and often biggest — data center operation expenses is power, consumed largely by servers and coolers.

 


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Alas, some of the most effective energy-saving techniques require considerable upfront investment, with paybacks measured in years. But some oft-overlooked techniques cost next to nothing — they’re bypassed because they seem impractical or too radical. The eight power savings approaches here have all been tried and tested in actual data center environments, with demonstrated effectiveness. Some you can put to work immediately with little investment; others may require capital expenditures but offer faster payback than traditional IT capex (capital expenses) ROI.

[ Unlearn the untrue and outdated data center practices in Logan G. Harbough’s “10 power-saving myths debunked.” | Use server virtualization to get highly reliable failover at a fraction of the usual cost. Find out how in InfoWorld’s High Availability Virtualization Deep Dive PDF special report. ]
Server Virtualization Deep Dive

The holy grail of data center energy efficiency metrics is the Power Usage Effectiveness (PUI) rating, in which lower numbers are better and 1.0 is an ideal objective. PUI compares total data center electrical consumption to the amount converted into useful computing tasks. A not-uncommon value of 2.0 means two watts coming into the data center falls to one watt by the time it reaches a server — the loss is power turned into heat, which in turn requires power to get rid of via traditional data center cooling systems.

As with all simple metrics, you must take PUI for what it is: a measure of electrical efficiency. It doesn’t consider other energy sources, such as ambient environmental, geothermal, or hydrogen fuel cells, many of which can be exploited to lower total power costs. The techniques that follow may or may not lower your measurable PUI, but you can evaluate their effectiveness more simply by checking your monthly utility bill. That’s where it’ll really matter anyhow.

You won’t find solar, wind, or hydrogen power in the bag of tricks presented here. These alternative energy sources require considerable investment in advanced technologies, which delays cost savings too much for the current financial crisis. By contrast, none of the following eight techniques requires any technology more complex than fans, ducts, and tubing.

The eight methods are:

1. Crank up the heat
2. Power down servers that aren’t in use
3. Use “free” outside-air cooling
4. Use data center heat to warm office spaces
5. Use SSDs for highly active read-only data sets
6. Use direct current in the data center
7. Bury heat in the earth
8. Move heat to the sea via pipes

Radical energy savings method 1: Crank up the heat
The simplest path to power savings is one you can implement this afternoon: Turn up the data center thermostat. Conventional wisdom calls for data center temperatures of 68 degrees Fahrenheit or below, the logic being that these temperatures extend equipment life and give you more time to react in the event of a cooling system failure.

Experience does show that server component failures, particularly for hard disks, do increase with higher operating temperatures. But in recent years, IT economics crossed an important threshold: Server operating costs now generally exceed acquisition costs. This may make hardware preservation a lower priority than cutting operating costs.

At last year’s GreenNet conference, Google energy czar Bill Weihl cited Google’s experience with raising data center temperatures, stating that 80 degrees Fahrenheit can be safely used as a new setpoint, provided a simple prerequisite is met in your data center: separating hot- and cold-air flows as much as possible, using curtains or solid barriers if needed.

Although 80 degrees Fahrenheit is a “safe” temperature upgrade, Microsoft’s experience shows you could go higher. Its Dublin, Ireland, data center operates in “chiller-less” mode, using free outside-air cooling, with server inlet temperatures as high as 95 degrees Fahrenheit. But note there is a point of diminishing returns as you raise the temperature, owing to the higher server fan velocities needed that themselves increase power consumption.

IBM: An Education Tourism Programme For IT Professionals And Students

lated to start in August 2009, the programme is for global students and IT professionals.

Here is an IT education tourism programme for IT professionals and students. Launched by IBM, the programme will enable IT professionals and students to come to India and receive IBM certified training in Bengaluru.
To avail of this offer, an individual needs to register for a course from the IBM Power and IBM System Storage curriculum.

 

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The IT Education Tourism programme, slated to start in August 2009, is an initiative where IBM has partnered with Stratom IT Solutions Pvt Ltd, India to introduce IT Education Tourism as a package for global students and IT professionals. IBM plans to target around 300 participants in India for a minimum of 30 days this year. According to the company, those participating will gain hassle-free world-class education and training, as well as exposure to India’s IT industry, which is one of the world’s fastest growing, diverse and most matured IT markets in the world.

As part of the programme, IBM will offer a portfolio of technical training and education services for systems designed for individuals, companies and public organisations to acquire, maintain and optimise their IT skills. The new initiative will enable students to be further equipped with IBM technologies like IBM Power and IBM System Storage.

India Needs More Homegrown PhDs In Computer Science

India does not have an adequate number of PhDs in computer science. It’s an issue the country needs to address, if we want to invigorate India’s innovation drive.

The rate of innovation in any country depends a lot on its research capabilities. And to increase research activities, a country should have a good strength of researchers-a precondition that India has not fulfilled in the computer science domain. This is one big reason, cited repeatedly by industry leaders, for the lack of innovation in the country. In fact, both industry and government are well familiar with this fact. Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft Corp, and Kapil Sibal, Union Human Resource Development Minister, government of India, recently shared some insights on the subject.

Bill Gates expressed his concern over the lack of PhDs in computer science at an event held in New Delhi recently. According to him, research activities could bring fruitful results in different fields if India had a good number of homegrown PhDs in computer science. He said, “There is a shortage of homegrown PhDs in India in computer science. The ratio of PhDs compared with engineering graduates is very low. If 70,000 students enroll as engineering graduates, only 1500 go for higher programmes. But the irony is, out of those 1500, only 250 enroll for PhDs.”

 

 

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Kapil Sibal listed comparative statistics about India and China in support of this. Sibal said, “For research activities, you need a good number of PhDs in India to allow you to move ahead as a country. During 1991-2001, the number of PhDs in India increased only by 20 percent, whereas in the same period, China had an 80 percent increase in its PhD researchers, which is unacceptable for us. Similarly, between 2001 to 2006, China’s GER (gross enrollment ratio) improved to 10-20 percent, whereas in the 11th Plan we have set a goal of achieving a GER of a mere 5 percent.” GER is the total enrollment of pupils in a grade or cycle or level of education, expressed as a percentage of the corresponding eligible age-group population in a given school year.

Sibal also urged corporates to come forward and help government set up world-class research institutions in India.

Most experts believe that if India could invest more into its research and development activities, it will be able to drive growth through innovation. But they also point at the low level of research infrastructure in the country and believe that the government needs to address this issue. So it remains to be seen as to how the government and industry collaborate and work together to increase the number of researchers and the research activities in the country. If and when it happens, it will surely give a huge push to India’s economic growth.

Week in Tweets: Apple Trashtalk Week

This week, top execs at Dell, HP, and Microsoft took turns bashing the Apple iPad. Dell said it was doomed to fail in the enterprise world; HP said its channel partners couldn’t stand Apple’s arrogance; Microsoft called tablets a “fad.”

 

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Microsoft also took another shot at Apple’s increasingly unpopular attempt to trademark the phrase “app store.” Eric Goldman, an intellectual property lawyer, told me Apple’s case was weak and suggested the company divert all the money spent on its lawyers to re-establishing goodwill among its disgusted consumers.

It’s one thing for Apple’s rivals to bash Apple, that comes with the job, but it’s another thing entirely when the trashtalk derives from Apple’s own consumers.

This week on Twitter, we came across some pretty angry sentiments from Apple fans. Many originated from outside the U.S., which makes sense given that Apple apparently sold out of iPad 2s a day after launching overseas (and domestically, analysts estimate Apple sold around half a million tablets during launch weekend). Others came from recent iPad 2 owners who dissatisfied with their new tablet.

In the run-up to the iPad 2’s launch earlier this month, many in the tech community professed their love and anticipation over Apple’s “magic” and “genius” and guidance into a “post-PC” world. We gave it an Editor’s Choice award. We concluded you should get one. And based on the lines wrapping around Apple Stores that Friday, it looks like many of you did.

But this week, the gloves came off. Coincidence, or did we miss the memo about Apple Trashtalk Week?

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Tech Heavyweight Showdown

We have an electronic scale in the PC Labs. We also have a lot of consumer electronics. Honestly, this whole thing was bound to happen, sooner or later. We asked the PCMag staff to bring in those pieces of obsolete technology that they just can’t let go of—for one reason or other (sometimes it pays to work with a bunch of tech hoarders)—to see how they stack up against today’s electronics.

 

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Sure, the trend in the industry seems to be perpetually headed in the direction of lighter and more portable gadgets, but the results of our extensive testing (i.e. sticking gadgets on an electronic scale and then reading the numbers) were sometimes surprising.

The game itself is fairly simple—we’ve got seven rounds, each pitting one gadget against another. The heaviest wins (this is the heavyweight championship, after all).

LinkedIn Hoffman Defines Web 3 as Data

SAN FRANCISCO–What’s the definition of Web 3.0? Data, LinkedIn’s Reid Hoffman said in a Wednesday afternoon keynote conversation.

Hoffman spoke Wednesday night at the Web 2.0 conference here, where he also talked about the value of data. “One of the really important things good Internet companies do is not ambush their users,” he said in a conversation with AllThingsD’s Liz Gannes.

 

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According to Hoffman, Web 1.0 consisted of files, where users operated under pseudonyms in chat rooms. He defined Web 2.0 as the emergence of Web apps, where a community of users utilized their real name. Finally, there’s Web 3.0 – unfortunately, the platform that it uses isn’t a mobile one, but one that’s predicated upon data, he said.

LinkedIn, which filed for an IPO in January, now counts over 100 million users. This month, the site launched a LinkedIn Today news site, LinkedIn Skills, LinkedIn Maps, and updated its LinkedIn iOS app with the new news focus. With each, LinkedIn took its accumulated store of data, mined it, and returned it back to users.

In much the same way, Hoffman said, users may come to expect to trade their own data for some benefit, such as the way Mint.com asks for total access to a user’s financial history, but also provides a way of saving monry. But, he added, apps developers shouldn’t expect to be able to share information freely among each other. “The really key thing in data is that certain kinds of data are pretty innocuous,” he said. “You can’t get ambushed by them.”

Some, he added, are expected to be closed, such as credit card numbers and passwords. And some live in a middle ground. “Trading around a user’s location,” Hoffman said. “You have to be really careful”.

Some companies want data to be completely open, Hoffman said. While that might be acceptable for disclosing the type of movies that an individual likes, users might be more guarded about divulging who their friends are.

Hoffman closed by noting that LinkedIn could ask for gender information, but doesn’t. “As a general principle, you should only ask for data when you think you can provide a value proposition for users,” he said.

Exam 70-658

Exam 70-658:
TS: System Center Data Protection Manager 2007, Configuring
Published:    July 17, 2009
Language(s):    English, French, German, Japanese
Audience(s):    IT Professionals
Technology:    Microsoft System Center Data Protection Manager 2007
Type:    Proctored Exam
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About this Exam
This is a Technical Specialist exam designed t  o assess candidates’ hands-on skills configuring System Center Data Protection Manager 2007.
Audience Profile
Candidates for this exam should have the following:

* Operating experience with System Center Data Protection Manager 2007
* At least one year of experience with data and system recoverability and data protection
* At least one year of experience with Windows Server administration and network infrastructure
* Production experience with at least one protected workload, plus working knowledge of the other protected workloads

Credit Toward Certification
When you pass Exam 70-658: TS: System Center Data Protection Manager 2007, Configuring, you complete the requirements for the following certification(s):Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist: System Center Data Protection Manager, Configuration or mcitp training

Note This preparation guide is subject t  o change at any time without prior notice and at the sole discretion of Microsoft. Microsoft exams might include adaptive testing technology and simulation items. Microsoft does not identify the format in which exams are presented. Please use this preparation guide t  o prepare for the exam, regardless of its format.

Skills Being Measured
This exam measures your ability t  o accomplish the technical tasks listed below.The percentages indicate the relative weight of each major topic area on the exam. mcitp certification
Installing Data Protection Manager (DPM) (16%)

* Install the DPM server
o This objective may include but is not limited to: verify software and hardware prerequisites; choose and configure SQL Server location; run DPM installation wizard
* Enable End User Recovery (EUR)
o This objective may include but is not limited to: configuring Active Directory, DPM server, and Shadow Copy Client
* Configure networking for DPM
o This objective may include but is not limited to: agent t  o server communication; bandwidth requirements; enabling a dedicated backup protection network

Managing Media and Agents (21%)

* Deploy a DPM agent
o This objective may include but is not limited to: domain/forest membership; pushing an agent from the console; deploying an agent by using software distribution or manually; connecting an agent t  o a DPM server by using the DPM Management Shell
* Control DPM bandwidth
o This objective may include but is not limited to: agent bandwidth throttling; server bandwidth throttling; on-the-wire compression
* Manage disks
o This objective may include but is not limited to: disk; cloud; moving a replica t  o another disk
* Manage tapes
o This objective may include but is not limited to: tape, tape devices, copy t  o tape, inventory, encryption

Protecting Workloads (23%)

* Define protection for standalone configurations
o This objective may include but is not limited to: setting up protection groups for core workloads, criteria for separate protection groups, ramifications for restore, selecting data sources
* Define protection for highly available configurations
o This objective may include but is not limited to: application availability options, failover clustering, DFS interactions
* Configure protection policies
o This objective may include but is not limited to: implementing a protection policy through a protection group, short-term vs. long-term protection schedules, retention time
* Manage recovery points
o This objective may include but is not limited to: creating a recovery point; different types of recovery points; defining recovery point schedules; optimizing schedules for recovery time; time offset
* Stage a replica
o This objective may include but is not limited to: prestaging; running an initial consistency check; postponing initial replication

Recovering Workloads (23%)

* Recover files
o This objective may include but is not limited to: workstations, file servers, overwrite, permissions, recovering t  o a network folder
* Recover Exchange Server data
o This objective may include but is not limited to: Recovery Storage Group (RSG), Exchange Server 2003 vs. Exchange Server 2007, recovering t  o an alternative Exchange server, scope of recovery
* Recover SharePoint data
o This objective may include but is not limited to: recovery farms, data granularity, protection schedules
* Recover SQL Server data
o This objective may include but is not limited to: SQL Server 2005 vs. SQL Server 2008, recovery t  o an alternate server, advanced recovery options, protection schedules and SQL Server recovery mode
* Recover system state data
o This objective may include but is not limited to: choosing when t  o enable system state recovery; applying recovered system state
* Recover virtualized environments
o This objective may include but is not limited to: virtual guests, host configuration, recovering t  o another host

Managing, Protecting, and Recovering the DPM Server (18%)

* Monitor DPM
o This objective may include but is not limited to: setting up alerts, scheduling and running reports, System Center Operations Manager (SCOM), Microsoft Operations Manager (MOM), PerfMon, Event Viewer, DPM Administrator Console
* Perform maintenance
o This objective may include but is not limited to: ensuring replica integrity, ad hoc and scheduled consistency checks, data integrity checks
* Integrate with other backup solutions
o This objective may include but is not limited to: identifying the production data within the DPM server; protecting the DPM configuration database
* Configure DPM for disaster recovery
o This objective may include but is not limited to: activating the agent on the primary DPM server; configuring workloads t  o be protected; switch primary/secondary roles; enable secondary protection with DPM; protecting the DPM configuration database
* Recover a DPM server
o This objective may include but is not limited to: restoring the DPM configuration database, creating static copies of replicas, repairing DPM

Preparation Tools and ResourcesT  o help you prepare for this exam, Microsoft Learning recommends that you have hands-on experience with the product and that you use the following training resources. These training resources d  o not necessarily cover all of the topics listed in the “Skills Measured” tab.
Classroom Training There is n  o classroom training currently available.
Microsoft E-Learning There is n  o Microsoft E-Learning training currently available.
Microsoft Press Books There are n  o Microsoft Press books currently available.
Practice Tests There are n  o practice tests currently available.
Microsoft Online Resources

* Learning Plan: Get started with a step-by-step study guide that is based on recommended resources for this exam.
* Product information: Visit the System Center Data Protection Manager Web site for detailed product information.
* TechNet: Designed for IT professionals, this site includes how-t  o instructions, best practices, downloads, technical resources, newsgroups, and chats.
* MSDN: Designed for developers, the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) features code samples, technical articles, downloads, newsgroups, and chats.
* Microsoft Learning Community: Join newsgroups and visit community forums t  o connect with your peers for suggestions on training resources and advice on your certification path and studies.