Exam Objectives Version: Version 1.6

Exam Code: 010-160
About Objective Weights: Each objective is assigned a weighting value. The weights indicate the relative importance of each objective on the exam. Objectives with higher weights will be covered in the exam with more questions.

Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source
1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems
Weight: 2
Description: Knowledge of Linux development and major distributions.
Key Knowledge Areas:
Distributions
Embedded Systems
Linux in the Cloud

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat, SUSE
Linux Mint, Scientific Linux
Raspberry Pi, Raspbian
Android

1.2 Major Open Source Applications

Weight: 2

Description: Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Desktop applications
Server applications
Development languages
Package management tools and repositories

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
Nextcloud, ownCloud
Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MariaDB, MySQL, NFS, Samba
C, Java, JavaScript, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum


1.3 Open Source Software and Licensing

Weight: 1

Description: Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Open source philosophy
Open source licensing
Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Copyleft, Permissive
GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
Open source business models


1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux

Weight: 2

Description: Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Desktop skills
Getting to the command line
Industry uses of Linux, cloud computing and virtualization

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
Terminal and console
Password issues
Privacy issues and tools
Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects

Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System
2.1 Command Line Basics

Weight: 3

Description: Basics of using the Linux command line.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Basic shell
Command line syntax
Variables
Quoting

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Bash
echo
history
PATH environment variable
export
type


2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help

Weight: 2

Description: Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Man pages
Info pages

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

man
info
/usr/share/doc/
locate


2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files

Weight: 2

Description: Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files, directories
Hidden files and directories
Home directories
Absolute and relative paths

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Common options for ls
Recursive listings
cd
. and ..
home and ~


2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files

Weight: 2

Description: Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files and directories
Case sensitivity
Simple globbing

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

mv, cp, rm, touch
mkdir, rmdir

Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line
3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line

Weight: 2

Description: Archiving files in the user home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files, directories
Archives, compression

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

tar
Common tar options
gzip, bzip2, xz
zip, unzip


3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files

Weight: 3

Description: Search and extract data from files in the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Command line pipes
I/O redirection
Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], *, and ?

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

grep
less
cat, head, tail
sort
cut
wc


3.3 Turning Commands into a Script

Weight: 4

Description: Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Basic shell scripting
Awareness of common text editors (vi and nano)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

#! (shebang)
/bin/bash
Variables
Arguments
for loops
echo
Exit status

Topic 4: The Linux Operating System
4.1 Choosing an Operating System

Weight: 1

Description: Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Differences between Windows, OS X and Linux
Distribution life cycle management

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
Maintenance cycles, beta and stable


4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware

Weight: 2

Description: Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Hardware

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
Hard drives, solid state disks and partitions, /dev/sd*
Drivers


4.3 Where Data is Stored

Weight: 3

Description: Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Programs and configuration
Processes
Memory addresses
System messaging
Logging

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

ps, top, free
syslog, dmesg
/etc/, /var/log/
/boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/


4.4 Your Computer on the Network

Weight: 2

Description: Querying vital networking configuration and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).

Key Knowledge Areas:

Internet, network, routers
Querying DNS client configuration
Querying network configuration

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

route, ip route show
ifconfig, ip addr show
netstat, ss
/etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts
IPv4, IPv6
ping
host

Topic 5: Security and File Permissions
5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types

Weight: 2

Description: Various types of users on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Root and standard users
System users

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
id, last, who, w
sudo, su


5.2 Creating Users and Groups

Weight: 2

Description: Creating users and groups on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

User and group commands
User IDs

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel/
useradd, groupadd
passwd


5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership

Weight: 2

Description: Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.

Key Knowledge Areas:

File and directory permissions and ownership

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

ls -l, ls -a
chmod, chown


5.4 Special Directories and Files

Weight: 1

Description: Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Using temporary files and directories
Symbolic links

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/tmp/, /var/tmp/ and Sticky Bit
ls -d
ln -s

Show employers that you have the foundational skills required for your next job or promotion.
Linux adoption continues to rise world-wide as individual users, government entities and industries ranging from automotive to space exploration embrace open source technologies. This expansion of open source in enterprise is redefining traditional Information and Communication Technology (ICT) job roles to require more Linux skills. Whether you’re starting your career in open source, or looking for advancement, independently verifying your skill set can help you stand out to hiring managers or your management team.

The Linux Essential educational certificate also serves as a great introduction to the more complete and advanced Linux Professional certification track.
Current Version: 1.6 (Exam code 010-160)
Objectives: 010-160
Prerequisites: There are no prerequisites for this certification
Requirements: Passing the Linux Essentials 010 exam
Validity Period: Lifetime
Cost: Click here for exam pricing in your country.
Languages: English, German, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese (Brazilian), Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional).

To receive the Linux Essentials Certificate the candidate must:
have an understanding of the Linux and open source industry and knowledge of the most popular open source Applications;
understand the major components of the Linux operating system, and have the technical proficiency to work on the Linux command line; and
have a basic understanding of security and administration related topics such as user/group management, working on the command line, and permissions.

QUESTION 1
What are the differences between hard disk drives and solid state disks? (Choose two.)

A. Hard disks have a motor and moving parts, solid state disks do not.
B. Hard disks can fail due to physical damage, while solid state disks cannot fail.
C. Solid state disks can store many times as much data as hard disk drives.
D. /dev/sda is a hard disk device while /dev/ssda is a solid state disk.
E. Solid state disks provide faster access to stored data than hard disks.

Correct Answer: A,E

QUESTION 2
Reverse DNS assigns hostnames to IP addresses. How is the name of the IP address 198.51.100.165 stored on a DNS server?

A. In the A record for 165.100.51.198.ipv4.arpa.
B. In the PTR record for 165.100.51.198.in-addr.arpa.
C. In the RNAME record for 198-51-100-165.rev.arpa.
D. In the ARPA record for 165.100.51.198.rev.
E. In the REV record for arpa.in-addr.198.51.100.165.

Correct Answer: B

QUESTION 3
Which of the following types of bus can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard?

A. The RAM bus
B. The NUMA bus
C. The CPU bus
D. The SATA bus
E. The Auto bus

Correct Answer: D

QUESTION 4
Members of a team already have experience using Red Hat Enterprise Linux. For a small hobby project, the
team wants to set up a Linux server without paying for a subscription. Which of the following Linux distributions
allows the team members to apply as much of their Red Hat Enterprise Linux knowledge as possible?

A. Ubuntu Linux LTS
B. Raspbian
C. Debian GNU/Linux
D. CentOS
E. openSUSE

Correct Answer: D

QUESTION 5
What information can be displayed by top?

A. Existing files, ordered by their size.
B. Running processes, ordered by CPU or RAM consumption.
C. User accounts, ordered by the number of logins.
D. User groups, ordered by the number of members.
E. User accounts, ordered by the number of files.

Correct Answer: B

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